Week 1 Recap

The time lapse between posts can only be explained with a combination of no internet access and an extremely busy month! My previous post left off with crew training, and since then we have been unleashed into the wilds of the Sierra Nevada to chase mustelids and acquire battle wounds (also known as knowledge).

As Forest Service employees, our schedules are 4-10's, or four days out of the work week. As a result, these days usually range between nine and thirteen hours. The first week of real work saw me paired with one of the Student Conservation Organization volunteers, Clark, who is a fellow North Carolinian!

Day One, Go! Photo by C. O'Bannon.

The first week of the run (or the time period for which sampling units are, uh, sampled) involves the put-in of survey materials: camera stations and track plate stations. Each station consists of one camera and one track plate, and our job consists of navigating to these pre-set points (which have been sampled repeatedly over the last ten years for both fisher and marten presence) via GPS data and creating the station. For each person within a team, that means a backpack full of nails, tools, chicken wire, raw chicken, cameras and bear-proof camera boxes (those puppies are heavy!), and the materials to build a track plate. Oh, and barbed wire. I learned to hate barbed wire last summer on the bear project, so I'm happy to only have to use small strips of it (the wire catches hair samples from visiting animals). Combined with food, water, and whatever else one can fit into a pack, we're carrying between thirty and forty pounds on the put-in week. 

Translation: Running and strength training was a joke.

I was flattered to find that Clark considers me a field veteran, which, despite making me sound old, means I actually know difficult field work. Hell, I tore my hip flexor doing field work. The second day of my field research career had me climbing cliffs not covered in my rock climbing class, and I lived. I am very fortunate to have done and seen some amazing things, but I must say that hiking up to ten miles a day, uphill, with that kind of weight is not something you train for other than by hiking ten miles a day, uphill, with forty pounds on your back. The first week was a little bit of a challenge, I admit! But, a few cool things happened and it ended up being a challenge met with zest (ok, and a few expletives).

On day one, as Clark and I turned onto a FS road that I commented was exactly the kind of road you see bears or bobcats or coyotes on at 7 in the morning, lo and behold, a bear ran right in front of our truck! First one of the season, and if you know me, you know I am always excited for a wildlife sighting. A real wildlife sighting- not the interactions in parks where wildlife are conditioned to human presence, or even holding a wild animal under anesthesia (though that is a priceless experience)- rivals all experiences because, for a fleeting moment, we get to see an animal being just that. It's unbridled, sometimes dangerous, and awesome, because while we still startle one another, for two or five seconds we get to witness a creature unharmed and untainted by anything unnatural.

The Sierras are absolutely and breathtakingly beautiful.  The waterfalls, the trees, the wildflowers, and the wildlife are surreal individually, but when all together in one place, the senses are overwhelmed. There was even snow at the beginning of the month! One of my sites for Run 1 was at about 9300 ft in elevation, and our first day of work was an unexpected 40 degrees Fahrenheit. I love winter, and I miss snow, so despite being a tad brisk, Clark and I worked well together setting up our stations on day one and throughout the week. Per station, the chicken is placed in a wire "burrito" and nailed to a tree with gun brushes surrounding the bait to collect hair samples from whatever visits the station, with photos capturing the activity. Nearby, a small piece of meat invites animals into the trackplate box, where the sooted track plate catches their footprints (and thus species identification) on contact paper, and where barbed wire at the entrance might snag a hair sample. Oh, and the scent lure. Who can forget the scent lure? During training we combined a magical mixture of skunk scent glands, animal urine (I forget the species), and some other ground up wildlife secretions with lanolin to create a glorious spread that smells like rotten garlic, horseradish, and a lot of dead stuff. We spread that on the bait tree to hopefully entice the mustelids to visit our stations (but everything else loves it too). And yes, I somehow managed to get it in my hair that first week.

Clark holds his breath while mixing our scent lure, called Gusto. No gusto was involved in the mixing of this Gusto.

One of our sites from the put-in week was unrealistically gorgeous: any one of the LOTR movies, or the show Game of Thrones, or another Jurassic Park, could be filmed in this location. We navigated through drones of honey bees as they buzzed like one great machine in a field of bear clover, which is a thigh-high brush with daisy-like buds and a sappy residue that covers your boots and pants. All week, but particularly at this site, we were visited by hummingbirds, presumably attracted to our bright yellow helmets as they darted past our ear and over our heads or perched on a nearby branch and chirped at us. Another part of the site was also covered with poison oak, but since this project might as well have stock in Tecnu (a lotion that removes poison oak and ivy oils), we were okay. Shortly after the photo below was taken, Clark and I encountered a herd of domestic cows (farmers and ranchers can lease public land for grazing) and were chased downhill. 
Note: cows run fast, especially when angry and on loose substrate.

  
 Do I look hot? It was 95F and six miles uphill!

 Vista from atop one of our sites.

Photo taken at about 5500 ft elevation, facing East, from a vista at one of our sites.

Glorious view of Huntington Lake, just before our bear sighting.

Once the put-ins are complete for each run, we then sample each site once a week for three weeks. This involves collecting hair samples, track plate prints, and photographs of our visitors. I'm not able to share the wildlife camera photos with you on this site, but I do have a lot of cool stories to share for this run! Unfortunately, Clark was only my partner for the first week, because we have a position called the "Lone Wolf" where someone is responsible for working with crew leaders to accomplish things both in the field and in the office, and with a weekly rotation for this position, I traded off to a new partner for week two onwards when Clark became the Lone Wolf. We're in the office all week, which means I have time to access internet, which means I will be posting my adventures (and tons more photos) with Rachel very soon!


AND HAPPY INDEPENDENCE DAY! I'm so thankful to live in a country where I can pursue my vividly wild and ambitious dreams.

YEAH!

The Crunchies

We've just completed our first week of training on the Sierra Nevada Carnivore Monitoring Project. Based in Shaver Lake, CA, our crew of thirteen is learning the ropes for surveys across the Sierra and Sequoia National Forests. I'm having a blast! First of all, the entire crew is great. We've had a lot of fun kicking the soccer ball around during breaks (I'm learning) and we even had an epic dance party last night, topped off with a snowball fight. Yes. You read that correctly. I said snow! We got two inches as part of a short cold front passing through. One crew member had never seen snow fall, so we did our best to lug as many snowballs as possible at him.

Since this project has been ongoing for ten years, and because other fisher projects exist within close proximity, the locals often refer to these field crews as "The Crunchies." The nickname apparently originated from a shared love of granola and conservation, so our reputation as respectable field crews also includes our love of Clif Bars, dehydrating our own fruit, playing guitar, owning several nalgenes, and avid climbing and hiking. I'm currently learning to play the guitar and mandolin, so combined with a love for carnivores, I am officially a crunchy! A few of us have already heard "oh, you're one of the crunchies," and it's only been a week!

This long-term project is looking at the abundance of fishers and martens, two predators in the mustelid (weasel) family and monitoring population decline and genetics. Fishers are of particular conservation concern, as the species requires old growth forests and cannot thrive in younger stands or areas that are logged. As a result, controversy surrounds the California populations of fishers, as they are warranted for listing as threatened under the Endangered Species Act, but doing so raises several issues for forest management, among others. So, our job is to look at where fishers live, how abundant they are, and to examine gene flow to monitor connectivity and population soundness. The status of martens is not as dire, but we will examine this cousin as well as note other carnivores in this region.

This week has been spent learning project protocol, learning how to build track plates, and identifying the tracks of several mammals, from fishers to bears to small rodents (squirrel species tracks are hard!). Track plates are awesome tools to noninvasively determine what species live in certain areas as well as collect hair samples for DNA analysis. A box covers a metal plate where one half of the plate is sooted and the other is lined with a slightly sticky contact paper, and when an animal enters the box on the open side (usually drawn in with a tasty piece of chicken), their footprints are left on the paper from the soot. We have barbed wire over the entrance of the track plate box, so if we are lucky we also get a hair sample. I'm really looking forward to seeing what critters visit our track plates, except for the bears because they usually "whomp" or dissemble the boxes in their curiosity or hunger. We also set one of our sampling unit stations as practice:



Mark placing flagging at one of our sites. Like the gear? Safety is cool at the Forest Service!

Next week involves driving training for the Forest Service,  and hopefully more exploring during our evenings. A group of us climbed this enormous rock overlooking the river feeding out of Shaver Lake, where we shared a few beers while watching the sunset and a pair of nesting ospreys. With the snow mostly melted, we might camp on that rock tomorrow night!








California and a Bobcat

Happy Mother's Day! I don't know about you, but my mom has been there for every tear, giggle, and adventure in my life, particularly in the last few years when I realized I wanted to become a wildlife biologist (unfortunately for her, this still includes me chasing her with the lizards and frogs I catch, just like when I was five years old). Thanks, mom!

Greetings from California! This girl is perching on the west coast (for the first time, I might add)! I am super stoked to start the summer field season on the Sierra Nevada Carnivore Monitoring Project. I'm really looking forward to brushing up on old skills and learning new ones, such as working with track plates and learning more about fishers and martens. I'm currently in a little town called Barstow, which is about 300 miles from our destination in Shaver Lake. Mark and I broke up the drive from TX to CA with a stop in the Texas Panhandle. We have had one hell of a trip. It's our third cross-country trip together and my seventh overall, and by far the best. We had the treat of watching a wild bobcat, with time to ruminate over the experience.

On our way through the beautiful Texas Panhandle, we spotted the bobcat in the middle of a horse pasture. With private pasture land for miles, I was surprised to see a bobcat in such open terrain (more due to my experience of bobcats preferring montane forests rather than the abnormality of the behavior, though with such little cover, I was still impressed). At first we thought it was a grey fox, and then a coyote. As we pulled a u-turn, I was bursting with excitement when Mark realized it was a bobcat (actually, I believe I let out a few expletives to illustrate said excitement). The cat had something in it's mouth, and when we came to a stop about one hundred feet away we saw it was a prairie dog. We've all seen episodes of National Geographic and witnessed the raw audacity of predation second-hand, and while we didn't witness the chase, I don't think I have words for the short moment that this bobcat calmly forced the last breath from his prey. Once he caught his breath and realized we weren't threatening or particularly interesting, he began to enjoy his hard-earned meal. For almost thirty minutes we watched what we estimated to be an older male (based on size and location) eat, alternating between the sound of crunching bones and an occasional cool glance in our direction. We started the truck and pulled forward once when a curious and hungry horse galloped in our direction- we didn't want our cat to lose his meal. Once the horse angrily galloped off in the opposite direction, we returned to our post, where I quietly belly-crawled a few yards closer for some more photos. Here are my favorites:





When the cat decided it was time to go,  we were shocked to discover that his front left leg was broken at the 'elbow.' Likely the result of a car strike, missed gun shot, or possibly a trap (farmers don't like bobcats, but they control prairie dog numbers, which destroy pastures), his chances of survival are slim. He looked on the thin side, yet it is one hell of a predator that can successfully hunt a prairie dog in an open pasture. While a car strike is often uncontrollable, we discussed the human threat to carnivores. Sadly, the issue is all too common with predators: farmers, hunters, and anti-carnivore enthusiasts try to control carnivore populations, legally as well as illegally, and often harm incidental captures or escaped targets with their methods. While hunting and trapping is part of the North American model of conservation, our country is currently in the middle of an ant-carnivore craze, and with the bobcat having no hunting or trapping restrictions in Texas, along with (for some) a lack of understanding of the benefit of carnivores (in this case, helping to prevent the destruction of pasture), this cat is going to have a hard time. The experience was bittersweet, and all we can do as biologists and conservationists is work with the community to ensure prosperity for four legged and two legged creatures alike. 

Like the new look? I'm hoping to eventually move to a different domain, so thank you for following and reading. Please note the site name alteration!

Kerr High School

Last week I attended Kerr High School's annual Career Day here in Houston to discuss what it means to be a wildlife biologist. I decided to make a poster board to better highlight the things I do, or want to do, and the many amazing things my friends and colleagues have participated in as well. Lucky for me, Kerr High School is a magnet school, meaning that students have to apply for admission and are as a result quite bright and eager to carve successful paths into the future. As I expected, the science world was underrepresented when I arrived, with only myself and a veterinarian to vouch for research-based and animal-related careers (discounting the human medical profession). I was shocked, then, when a handful of students sought me out directly because of their interests in wildlife biology, field work, marine sciences, laboratory work, and other areas of research. To know that wildlife biology has a future in this young generation is very comforting! It was a lot of fun to help students dissect their interest in animals and explain the differences between veterinary medicine and wildlife biology, as a lot of students don't know that being a biologist is really an option. The simple poster board I brought along was most helpful, not only in drawing students to my booth, but in helping them articulate what they want to focus on in college. Because I was unaware of a lot of opportunities until the end of college, I had plenty of information available for varying stages of aspiration: from high school ages to major choices to internships and job opportunities. I brought along The Sand County Almanac by Aldo Leopold, which is considered to be a landmark in the conservation movement and inspires a responsible relationship between people and the environment. Students pored over my lab books, got excited about wildlife rehabilitation volunteerism, and asked so many questions I could hardly keep up.

At one point, I was surrounded by almost fifteen students at once! It was pretty awesome to learn what these students are interested in: marine biology, forest ecology, ornithology, cell biology, working with animals... the list went on. I'm so happy I made little handouts with website information and internship opportunities; I don't think chocolate chip cookies could have disappeared more quickly! We even connected over twitter- social applications and website are growing tools in science and conservation, and no media should be excluded. These young people- curious, intelligent, passionate, shy, and kind- are the future of all fields of conservation. It empowers me to know that not only are we are changing attitudes towards nature, we are changing actions towards nature. After my experience with the awesome Kerr High students, I lost my voice for a day, but I regained some fire in the belly.What an awesome day. You guys rock!

Wildlife Biology: where a picture is worth a thousand words

For more information on internships, job opportunities, and graduate information in wildlife biology, visit:
  

For local wildlife experience (Houston), visit: 

Thanks to all my rad friends and colleagues who submitted, or let me steal, photos:

Tor Bertin
Megan Brown
Mark Cancellare
Katie Needham
Roberta Newbury
Kimberly Oldehoeft
Michael Wickens
Clay Wilton


Sierra Nevada Carnivore Monitoring

I am excited to announce that I will be joining the Sierra Nevada Carnivore Monitoring Project this summer in central California! I will be working for the US Forest Service on the long term program assessing the status and trend of the Pacific fisher (Martes pennanti) and the American marten (Martes americana). The study takes place in the beautiful Sierra and Sequoia National Forests and involves conducting systematic surveys throughout the region to estimate habitat use by the fisher and the marten, and to detect declines in each species over a ten year monitoring period. A combination of noninvasive techniques- hair snares, camera traps, and track plates- are used for this study to detect animal presence and monitor wildlife genetics. The project monitors population trend and expansion via presence/absence surveys and using microsatellite allele frequencies for genetic monitoring.

Jody Tucker of the University of Montana is currently running this project for her PhD, and I am excited to continue with Montana connections as I work towards graduate school. Most people unfamiliar with the field of wildlife research are surprised to find out that graduate school is not as simple as undergraduate school- one does not generally apply to a university, get accepted, and then join a lab with an available project. It is entirely the opposite, with everything being contingent upon funding, research interests of both professor and student, availability, and competition.

In the meantime, I am stoked to go to California and study the marten and the fisher, both of the weasel family. The fisher is a large terrestrial mustelid (related to the wolverine and the second largest in the family). It is not, contrary to it's name, a hunter of fish, nor does it live on the ocean. Shortly put, fishers live in dense canopy forests, are viscous and adept hunters, and have historically been heavily trapped for their fur. Fishers are of particular conservation interest in California because the remaining Sierra Nevada population is small and geographically isolated, and as a result this carnivore, slightly larger than a domestic cat, is warranted for listing under the Endangered Species Act in the West.

The marten is the third smallest member of the weasel family and is a ferret-sized carnivore considered a sensitive species by the Forest Service. Like the fisher, martens prefer old-growth forests, and logging is largely responsible for their habitat loss and population decline, as new-growth forests do not provide the canopy cover and habitat requirements for populations to thrive. My experience with martens is that they are capable of stealing bait no matter how securely you affix the meat to the tree, but they are also fantastic hunters and very curious animals.

Here is a link to view my marten encounter from Washington:

Curious, Thieving Marten

I can't wait to get out there and meet the crew! I'm also awaiting the results of a few other applications, so more updates to follow. Additionally, my hip recovery is almost entirely complete- woo hoo! Thanks for following- be sure to share with friends and family and spread the message about wildlife research and conservation.

For more information on the Sierra Nevada Carnivore Monitoring Project, visit:

 http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/people/jtucker/

http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/snfpa/am/monitoringreport2005/fishermarten.html


California Dreamin'
Photo by M. Maly
Shenandoah National Park

Injury

I'm sad to report that I am no longer working on the Cascades Carnivore Project, as I tore my hip flexor on the job and have had to resign my position. What a bummer!

I sustained the injury while tracking on a particularly long day, and I mistakenly thought that it was an overworked muscle. Long story short, I did in fact really hurt myself, and the recovery period is six weeks (it's not a complete tear, whew! A severe strain with small tears is a lot easier to mend.). Foxes and wolverines don't wait around for people, so I'm back home in Houston for physical therapy and healing so I can continue working this spring.

I pre-condition for any research position I accept, as the physical demands are often many and being able to keep up obviously means having high cardiovascular endurance, strong joints, and muscle strength. In this field, you have to stay in shape, and jobs will weasel any last shreds of weakness from your body. Since this project involved a lot of snowshoeing, I worked hard in the weeks prior to arriving in Washington to ensure a strong pelvis and high endurance so I wouldn't huff and puff and fall down all the time. Having snowshoed last winter in Montana on the bobcat project, I was not at all concerned that I would hurt anything. Unfortunately, not all things are preventable.

The injury makes for a decent pub story, however, in that I got hurt while tracking a wolverine. Doug Chadwick (author of The Wolverine Way), calls the wolverine an "unmitigated badass" and I couldn't agree more. We followed this guy up and around and he ran and he walked and he loped and he followed fox trails and scaled creeks... but he mostly went up. It took us four hours to follow him three miles, whereas he most certainly covered that distance in less than an hour. In the days following that I worked on the injury, the southern Cascades were covered with almost five feet of  snow, making it difficult to check cameras and track animals (there were no tracks!). Undoubtedly, it made my hip worse, but I'm very fortunate that I didn't post-hole (crashing through the snow on one snowshoe) and tear it completely.

I'm really happy to have had this opportunity... I would have preferred to still be up there, as the season runs through the end of March. I really enjoyed my time in the Cascades learning red fox ecology, tracking the elusive wolverine, and refining my tracking skills. I also loved the snowmobiling! All in all, despite what is a very inconvenient injury, I'd still chalk it up to a good experience.

Currently, I am rehabbing, completing a grant application for graduate school, applying for and interviewing for my next research position, and discussing graduate school opportunities with various professors.

For more information on the Cascades Carnivore Project, visit: http://cascadescarnivoreproject.blogspot.com/

One Quarter Century

It's midnight, so it's officially February 6, which means it's MY BIRTHDAY!

25. Twenty five. One quarter century.

Wow. It's crazy! I can't even believe I've lived this long! It's like I'm an adult! As children, we think about an age like "25" as a dream-like concept. We imagined our whole lives as The Far Away Future: we planned our education, fairy tale weddings, and interior decorating plans through Barbie and her friends (ok, some of us did. Don't judge). Well, there wasn't a Barbie biologist around when I was a kid, so I came into my passion towards the end of college, when the Future became Now.

And Now is the time to make a difference. 

I devote my time on this webpage to advocating wildlife conservation. We are fighting an uphill battle to save thousands of species from extinction, and I'm lucky enough to assist in projects that study some of these animals and promote their preservation in the wild. I have numerous goals I want to accomplish within this field of research, and although I've crossed some off in the two years since graduating, here are a few of the goals I hope to accomplish in the next 25 years:

- Get a graduate assistantship for my master's degree in carnivore ecology
- Achieve a PhD in the same field
- Work with National Geographic and Animal Planet television for public education... yes, I want you to enjoy wildlife projects with me via tv!
- Write, speak, and present issues and ideas in wildlife conservation to varied audiences: children, presidents, scientists, family, friends, and international collaborators
- Own a pair of Christian Louboutin heels (not for field research, obviously... for wildlife benefit events!)
- Study as many of the felid species as I am able, starting with bobcats, lynx, ocelots, snow leopards, clouded leopards...
- See the wolverine placed on the endangered species list, and then removed from it (among many others)
- Meet celebrities with influence and get them out in the field with me to help spread the message (hello Ellen DeGeneras, Leo DiCaprio, Jason Mraz, Simon Cowell, and President Obama)!
- Foster the realization for the ever-pressing need to care about the earth- right Now, not later

These goals are the tools I plan to wield in the fight to save the world. Seriously. I'm only 25- I can be lofty like that. I want to illuminate the importance of natural resources, to illustrate the dire need for saving, not spending, the fruits of our earth. Most importantly, I want to ignite passion and compassion for wildlife conservation. I want you to share nature with the birds, carnivores, insects, and omnivores that walk the wilds, and I want you to work to conserve and protect what's left of it so the future will have more, and not less. I want to laugh with you, learn from you, and share with you my passion, my unyielding determination, and my insatiable curiosity in the pursuit of protecting all that is wild. But, I need your help. I'm only 25.

Thanks for all your support, reading, tweeting, laughing, and working to spread the message and achieve goals in wildlife conservation. I love you all!


Stillwater Lake, Montana